Learning programming is always a good idea. It not only helps you understand the work of developers and the challenges they tackle (as well as the bugs they sometimes introduce), but most importantly, knowing at least one programming language opens the door to test automation. However, this raises an important question—which language is worth learning today? Each language has a different learning curve and supports different automation tools.
Currently, the most popular programming languages are: Java, Python, JavaScript, C# and C++. Most of them support the most popular test automation frameworks, such as:
- Selenium, where tests are most commonly written in Java, although the framework itself supports multiple languages
- Cypress, which is based on JavaScript
- Playwright, similar to Selenium, supports multiple programming languages but primarily favors JavaScript/TypeScript. Java is also quite well represented
- There are also Python-based frameworks, such as Robot Framework
As you can see, the choice is really wide.
Which programming language should you learn for test automation?
Here is how I would answer such a question:
If you are in a situation where you can freely choose a programming language and then a test automation framework, choose Java. Why?
1. Support for Automation Frameworks
Java is supported by both Selenium (which is still widely used in the IT world) and Playwright, which is emerging as a dominant force in test automation. In addition to these tools, Java also enables working with Rest Assured for API test automation..
2. Java is difficult, but worth it
Java is an object-oriented, strongly typed language. It is not the easiest to learn. So why do I recommend it for beginner QA specialists?
By learning Java, aspiring programmers gain a solid foundation in object-oriented programming, type management, and data structures. This makes it easier to adapt to working with more advanced frameworks and tools, regardless of the programming language. Java instills good coding practices and enforces a more structured approach to writing code, which pays off in the long run for any project.
I’ve often seen that people who have a strong grasp of Java or C# rarely struggle when working on projects that use a different language for test automation.
3. Widespread use beyond testing
Mastering Java opens doors not only to test automation but also to other fields, such as backend application development or mobile app development. This means that QA specialists who know Java can more easily expand their skill set and take on new career challenges in the future.
Is Java the only right choice? No—other languages also have their advantages and may be better suited to specific projects or team preferences. For example, Python is valued for its simple syntax, while JavaScript excels in web application testing due to its native integration with browsers. The choice of language depends on project needs, team experience, and available tools.
Bottom line: is Java always a good choice?
No – not always. Java is my recommendation. It’s an option worth considering if you’re looking for versatility and solid foundations for the future. Other languages also have their “pros” that are worth considering:
- Python has a low entry barrier
- JavaScript is a good option for specialists focusing on web application testing, especially when combined with tools like Cypress or Playwright
- C# will be an excellent choice if you plan to work in a .NET environment
Ultimately, it all comes down to consistency and openness to learning.
